Wind Data
This page focuses mostly on satellite-derived wind data. For ocean conditions, such as marine weather, buoy data and ship reports, visit our Ocean Data page.
Upper Level Winds (including shear and steering currents)
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Example of CIMSS' Tropical Cyclone front page
Various satellite products are available for active storms, and invests, worldwide. On their front page you can click a storm icon on their map to view data specific to that storm. The second map on their front page has color coded regions. Hover your mouse over a region and options will appear that allow you to choose what product you would like to view. Some of the wind products are listed below.
The products below have data every three hours. You can step forward and backward using the "Time Step" option. Most of the products below have a "5-Day Movie" option below the image you are viewing.
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24 hour product grid from North Atlantic Winds & Analyses page
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Wind Shear Tendency (over past 24 hours) - About
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Upper Level Divergence (150mb - 300mb) - About
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Lower Level Convergence (850mb - 925mb) - About
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Layer Mean Wind Analysis (Steering Layers) - About
"These wind analyses depict the environmental flow in various oceanic basins for selected tropospheric layer-means." Not sure which to look at? How strong is the storm? At the top of the page you will see "TC MSLP/Vmax" ranges. 700-850mb is generally for weaker (shallow) storms, while 200-700mb is generally for stronger (deep) storms. The link above is for 700-850mb.
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700 - 850mb (TC MSLP / Vmax: >1000mb / <45kts)
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500 - 850mb (TC MSLP / Vmax: 990-999mb / 45-60kts)
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400 - 850mb (TC MSLP / Vmax: 970-989mb / 60-90kts)
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300 - 850mb (TC MSLP / Vmax: 950-969mb / 90-112kts)
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250 - 850mb (TC MSLP / Vmax: 940-949mb / 112-122kts)
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200 - 700mb (TC MSLP / Vmax: <940mb / >122kts)
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This is like the Atlantic page, with some of the same products available that we listed under the Atlantic link. For direct links to the products, you can visit the grid.
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Layer Mean Wind Analysis (Steering Layers)
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Surface Winds
The following section contains imagery that has been created using remote sensing instruments on satellites. To learn more about how these satellites orbit, such as what an ascending and descending pass is, you can visit "Satellite Characteristics: Orbits and Swaths" from the Canadian government. For information about how to read a wind barb, such as that "wind barbs point in the direction 'from' which the wind is blowing", click here.
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Ocean Surface Winds Team (OSWT) of the Center for Satellite Application and Research (STAR), NOAA/NESDISOSWT page to view Metop ASCAT-A imagery
Make sure you understand how the time is printed on the imagery. The time (in Zulu) at the top is not the time of the data you see in the image. Make sure to read the information at the bottom of the imagery. As of updating this section, for most of the products below, data on the image is sometime from the prior 22 hours from the time at the top. The time, or times, at the bottom of the image, in purple, represent the time a measurement was made in that pass at the latitude given in the text at the bottom of the image.-
Metop satellitesMetop ASCAT-A ascending imagery for October 9th, 2018, the day before Hurricane Michael made landfall in Florida
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Wind speed and wind direction in imagery. You can learn more about WindSat in a Wikipedia article here, which contains additional links in the "Bibliography" section, on NOAA's Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) site here or on the product description page here on NOAA's OSWT site.
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As of updating this page in 2020, data has been unavailable since 2018 on this site for this instrument.Only wind speed is available in imagery. You can learn more about the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) in a Wikipedia article here, the product description page here on NOAA's OSWT site or a page here on JPL's site that is no longer available, but archived at Archive.org.
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Wind speed and wind direction in imagery. You can learn more about ScatSat-1 in a Wikipedia article here, at the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) or in a brochure here (PDF) from the ISRO.
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CYGNSS imagery for October 10th, 2018, the day Hurricane Michael made landfall in Florida
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Scatterometer Wind Measurements from KNMI (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute)
The Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (English: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute) is the Dutch national weather service. This site has Metop (ASCAT-A, ASCAT-B and ASCAT-C) and ScatSat-1 data which you can access in the right column. Data is in meters per second (m/s).
In the right column under "Near real time Wind Products" they have a lot of products listed. OSI SAF (EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility) has global wind data. EARS (EUMETSAT Advanced Retransmission Service) has regional wind data. EARS has imagery across the Atlantic, including just south of the Equator, as well as most of the Pacific in the Northern Hemisphere, north of around 10N. "KNMI is responsible for the wind products in the context of the EUMETSAT Advanced Retransmission Service (EARS). KNMI deploys a regional-coverage ASCAT wind product with a targeted timeliness of 30 minutes from data acquisition. The winds are also displayed on the web in near-real time. The aim of EARS is to provide polar satellite data from the EUMETSAT MetOp and NOAA satellites with a timeliness suited to the needs of European operational short range regional numerical weather prediction models. The geographical coverage of EARS is primarily over data-sparse sea areas around Europe."
Example of a full resolution EARS ASCAT-A Coastal ascending imageScreenshot from OSI SAF multi-platform product viewer
OSI SAF (global):
Other global OSI SAF data (operational):
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ScatSat-1 - 25 km winds (with full resolution for some areas)
Other global OSI SAF data (in development as of updating this section of our page in August 2020):-
HY-2B 25 km winds (with full resolution for some areas)"The HY-2B level 1B HDF products used for this product are made available by the Chinese National Satellite Ocean Application Service (NSOAS)." You can view information about HY-2B here at EUMETSAT.
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CFOSAT 25 km winds (with full resolution for some areas)"The CFOSAT level 1B products used for this product are made available by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) and the Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES)." You can view information about CFOSAT here at the European Space Agency (ESA).
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EUMETView from EUMETSAT (free registration required)12.5 km ASCAT coastal winds from MetOp-C in Hurriane Eta on November 2nd, 2020 from EUMETSAT's EUMETView service.
You can click on a wind barb to get detailed information about it, including wind speed, wind direction and the acquisition time. You can use the timeline at the bottom of the viewer to choose another time period. We were able to view months worth of archived data when we reviewed this site near the end of 2020. Since this viewer is new, we don't know how far back the archival period will go, such as available for a limited amount of time or if it is permanently available.
"ASCAT Coastal Winds at 12.5 km Swath Grid" Data: -
This interactive map allows you to view a wide variety of overlays, including surface wind. In the left column, under "Satellite", select "Winds". (You have to click the actual word "Winds", or the arrow, to show the options) You can choose "Ascending" or "Descending" passes for ASCAT METOP-A and ASCAT METOP-B. You can also add historical wind data as well, starting from 2016 for ASCAT.
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Search for the imagery you want by region, product and sensor. Some of the surface wind imagery you can view is available below. When we tested their site, it appeared that an archive of nearly two year's worth of data was available for ASCAT (Metop), about one month for OSCAT-2 (ScatSat-1) and about six months worth of data for SSMI. The links below default to just the past day.
ASCAT-A and ASCAT-B (Metop):OSCAT-2 (ScatSat-1):SSMI (no wind direction): -
Tropical Cyclone Pages from U.S. NavyNaval Research Laboratory (NRL) and Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC)
Windsat 6GHz vectors in Hurriane Dorian on September 1st, 2019 on NRL's site
ASCAT MetOp-B 25km surface winds in T.D. Eleven on August 12th, 2020 on FNMOC's site
A note about some of the sites above. Make sure you note the correct time the data was observed. Some times are simply when the image may have been created, such as the last time the system checked to see if info was available.
Note: On November 23rd, 2009 the QuikSCAT satellite stopped providing real time data due to an instrument failure. On August 19th, 2016 the ISS-RapidScat instrument onboard the International Space Station, which was an instrument quickly constructed to replace QuikSCAT, failed and its mission was later ended.
Inland Wind Model
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Category 3 hurricane with forward motion of 16 knots making landfall along Gulf Coast
"The model applies a simple two parameter decay equation to the hurricane wind field at landfall to estimate the maximum sustained surface wind as a storm moves inland. This model can be used for operational forecasting of the maximum winds of landfalling tropical cyclones. It can also be used to estimate the maximum inland penetration of hurricane force winds (or any wind threshold) for a given initial storm intensity and forward storm motion." (quote from NHC site)
You can select from three U.S. regions: Gulf Coast, East Coast and Northeast Coast. You can then select one of the forward motion options for the category of storm you want. Those options for the Gulf Coast and East Coast are 8 knots (9 mph), 12 knots (14 mph), 16 knots (18 mph), 20 knots (23 mph) and 24 knots (28 mph). Those options for the Northeast Coast are 15 knots (17 mph), 25 knots (29 mph) and 35 knots (40 mph). There are color coded wind speeds, in knots, in the imagery that show the maximum sustained winds possible inland. The color coded wind speeds shown inland are in intervals of 15 knots and are 35 knots (40 mph), 50 knots (58 mph), 65 knots (75mph), 80 knots (92 mph), 95 knots (109 mph) and 110 knots (127 mph).
Page last modified on December 15, 2020